Solar battery systems, also known as solar energy storage systems or solar battery storage, work in conjunction with solar photovoltaic (PV) panels to store excess energy generated during sunny periods for use when the sun is not shining or during high energy demand times. These systems are designed to increase the self-consumption of solar energy, improve energy efficiency, and provide backup power during grid outages. Here’s how solar battery systems work:
Solar PV Panels: Solar panels, typically mounted on the roof or in an open area with good sunlight exposure, capture sunlight and convert it into direct current (DC) electricity through the photovoltaic effect.
Inverter: The DC electricity generated by the solar panels is sent to an inverter, which converts it into alternating current (AC) electricity, the type of electricity used in homes and businesses.
Energy Consumption and Excess Energy: The AC electricity produced by the solar panels is used to power your home’s electrical devices and appliances. If the solar panels generate more electricity than you are currently using, the excess energy is sent to the grid (if you have a grid-tied system) or to the solar battery system for storage (in a battery storage system).
Solar Battery Storage: In solar battery systems, the excess electricity not immediately used by the home is diverted to the battery storage system. The batteries store this excess energy as chemical energy, which can be converted back into electricity later when needed.
Time of Use or Backup Power: The stored energy in the batteries can be used during periods when the solar panels are not generating enough electricity, such as at night or on cloudy days. Additionally, during peak electricity demand times or grid outages, the battery system can provide backup power to the home, reducing reliance on the grid and saving on electricity costs.
Battery Management System (BMS): The battery system is equipped with a Battery Management System that monitors the state of charge, temperature, and overall health of the batteries to optimize their performance and extend their lifespan.
Grid Interaction (Optional): In grid-tied solar battery systems, any excess energy generated by the solar panels that is not stored in the batteries is sent to the grid. When the solar panels are not producing enough electricity, the home draws power from the grid or the battery system.
It’s important to note that not all solar PV systems come with battery storage. Many solar systems are grid-tied, meaning they do not have battery storage, and any excess energy is fed back into the grid for a credit or financial compensation through net metering or feed-in tariffs.
Overall, solar battery systems provide a way to maximize the use of solar energy, increase self-sufficiency, and offer energy independence during power outages or peak demand periods. They play a significant role in the development of sustainable and resilient energy systems for homes and businesses.
